Coal chemistry
Why is it necessary to develop coal chemistry in Kazakhstan?
Large coal reserves are designed for 300 years
The possibility of obtaining more than 400 products from coal
Recycled coal costs 25-30 times more expensive
Only 3% of coal is processed in Kazakhstan
Due to the processing of coal, it is possible to obtain the same products as due to the processing of oil and gas
The price of coal is lower and stable than that of gas and oil
According to preliminary calculations, the unused potential is $25 billion.
Government support
The potential of coal chemistry
Raw materials (coal)
- Limit 1
- Limit 2
- Application
- Pyrolysis (heating 900-1050°C)
- Gasification (gas synthesis 1000-2000°C)
- Hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen)
- 1
- Coal coke:
No need in RK
Dumping by the Russian Federation - Carbamide
Ethylene Glycol - Agribusiness
Chemical industry
Woodworking
- 2
- Ammonia
Methanol
Ethanol - Nitrogen fertilizers
Polyvinyl Chloride
Polypropylene
Hydrogen peroxide
Acetic acid - Agribusiness
Medicine
Perfumery
Detergents
Pipe products
- 3
- Motor fuel: Uncompetitive
- Liquefied natural gas
- CHP
Fuel
Ammonia is used in the production of fertilizers, grain processing, cosmetics, cleaning products, etc.
Ethanol is used in the chemical industry, disinfectants, medicines, etc.
Methanol is used in the production of dry alcohol, pharmaceuticals, dyes, plastics, etc.
Ethylene glycol is used for the production of brake fluids, antifreeze, etc.
Redevelopment: potential
Taking into account global trends and the availability of raw materials, Kazakhstan needs to develop new coal processing processes, which will allow it to produce products with high conversion
- Products
- Sales markets are worth a hundred per ton
- Potential
- Ammonia
- EU $1 300
South Korea $947 - $2.6 billion
- Methanol
- EU $762
China $342 - $5.9 billion
- Ethanol
- EU $1320
Armenia $1,338 - $3.0 billion
- Carbamide
- EU $786
CIS $506 - $6.8 billion
- Ethylene Glycol
- EU $933
Turkey $628 - $1.8 billion
- Nitrogen fertilizers
- EU $756
Turkey $929 - $0.4 billion
- Polyvinyl Chloride
- EU $7 458
CIS $5,029 - $0.6 billion
- Polypropylene
- EU $1 320
China $1,216 - $2.0 billion
- Hydrogen peroxide
- EU $600
CIS $1,737 - $0.3 billion
- Acetic acid
- EU $1 223
Turkey $904 - $1.2 billion
The global market
Kazakhstan is one of the 10 world coal mining countries
Asian coal mining countries, which account for more than 70% of global coal production, increased production by 11% in 2023, including China by 10%, India by 14% and Indonesia by 12%.
Coal production in Australia, which was affected by heavy rains and floods, increased slightly (0.8%).
The volume of production in the CIS countries remained at the same level (0.3%, including 0.4% in Russia), as Russian exports suffered from Western sanctions.
China remained the world's largest producer of coal and brown coal in 2023, providing more than half of the supply (51% in 2023), and its share is growing (4 percentage points from 2019); followed by India (11%) and Indonesia (8%).
Global coal exports and imports
Coal exports - 2022
More than one third of the world's coal exports are carried out by Australia in the amount of 338 million tons.
Kazakhstan is ranked 13th among 100 exporting countries Coal imports - 2022
Japan is the leader among the coal importing countries with a volume of 183 million tons.
The average import cost in the world for 1 ton of coal is $459. Kazakhstan imports coal for $137 per ton. International successful cases
EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY (Tennessee, USA)
They have the only large-scale equipment in the world that uses coal as a raw material for the production of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. The annual production volume is 510 thousand tons per year.
SHENHUA (XUAR of the People'S Republic OF China)
The Shenhua plant produces 3.5 million tons of liquid hydrocarbons from coal per year, and also produces 450 thousand tons of polypropylene and 270 thousand tons of polyvinyl chloride.
SASOL (South Africa)
Over 50 years of development, SASOL has been producing fuels and chemical raw materials in the amount of 7 million tons per year, occupying 40% of the domestic oil market in South Africa.
The largest coal deposits and major players in the industry in Kazakhstan
- Hard coal
- Brown coal
In terms of coal reserves, Kazakhstan is in 8th place, with a volume of 34 billion tons and which will last for 300 years even with active use.
More than 90% of Kazakhstan's coal reserves are located in the northern and central parts of the country.
The largest coal basins are located in the Karaganda and Pavlodar regions.
Global coal prices
Kazakhstan has a competitive advantage compared to industry leading countries
